International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 1949-4270   |  e-ISSN: 1949-4289

Original article | Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research 2018, Vol. 13(4) 124-140

The Impact of the Perception of Organizational Virtue on the Perception of Organizational Happiness in Educational Organizations

Fatmanur Özen

pp. 124 - 140   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2018.178.7   |  Manu. Number: MANU-1810-30-0004

Published online: December 28, 2018  |   Number of Views: 297  |  Number of Download: 1039


Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of organizational virtue perceived by of the employees of educational organizations on the perceived organizational happiness at schools which is their work places. Data collection was conducted through the ”Organizational Virute" (OVS) and "School Organizational Happiness" (SOHS) scales from a group of teachers (N = 242) working at elementary schools. The OVS, used to collect data at the study, has three sub-dimensions as "Optimism, Trust and grace, Integrity and forgiveness" while the SOHS has five sub-dimensions as  "Management processes, Professional attitude,    Workplace communication, Devotion and Economic conditions". Results of the correlation tests showed that there is positive associations that are mostly at medium and high levels between all sub dimensions of the OV scale and all sub-dimensions of the SOH scale. Results of the multiple regression analysis demonstrated that some of the sub-dimensions of the SOH scale estimate certain sub-dimensions of the OVS except for the "economic conditions" sub-dimension: The "Optimism" sub-dimension of the OVS   estimates the "Trust and Grace" sub-dimension, "Professional attitude" estimates "Communication" whereas the "Honesty and forgiveness" sub-dimension  estimates the "Management processes, Professional attitude and Devotion" sub-dimensions. The constant values calculated by the multiple regression analysis for all sub-dimensions are significant indicates that other factors than organizational virtue, that are not covered by this study, also have certain impacts on school organizational happiness.

Keywords: Organizational Virtue, Organizational Happiness, Educational Organizations


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Ozen, F. (2018). The Impact of the Perception of Organizational Virtue on the Perception of Organizational Happiness in Educational Organizations . Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 13(4), 124-140. doi: 10.29329/epasr.2018.178.7

Harvard
Ozen, F. (2018). The Impact of the Perception of Organizational Virtue on the Perception of Organizational Happiness in Educational Organizations . Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 13(4), pp. 124-140.

Chicago 16th edition
Ozen, Fatmanur (2018). "The Impact of the Perception of Organizational Virtue on the Perception of Organizational Happiness in Educational Organizations ". Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research 13 (4):124-140. doi:10.29329/epasr.2018.178.7.

References
  1. Act of Civil Servants. (1965, July 14). Official Newspaper (Number: 12056). Retrieved from http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.657.pdf  [Google Scholar]
  2. Adıgüzel, O. & Keklik, B. (2011). Sağlık kurumlarındaki işgörenlerin iş tatmini ve bir uygulama [The job satisfaction of the health institutions’ staff and an application]. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 29, Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/dpusbe/issue/4771/65671  [Google Scholar]
  3. Akbolat, M., Durmuş, A. & Ünal, Ö. (2017). Örgütsel erdemliliğin personel güçlendirmeye etkisi ve otantik liderliğin aracı rolü [The effect of organizational virtuousness on employee empowerment and the mediating role of authentic leadership]. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 5(2), 71-87. doi: 10.22139/jobs.322557  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  4. Akyüz, Y. (1983).  Çağdaş eğitim düşünürleri ders notları [Contemporary educational thinkers lecture notes]. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi. [Google Scholar]
  5. Aluş, Y. & Selçukkaya, S. (2015). Türk ailesinde mutluluk algısı ve değerleri [Perceptions and values of happiness in the Turkish family]. Sosyal ve Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi (SKAD), 1(2), 151-175. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/skad/issue/21059/226748 [Google Scholar]
  6. Arslan, Y. & Polat, S. (2017). Adaptation of well-being at work scale to Turkish. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 23(4), 603-622. Retrieved from: http://www.kuey.net/index.php/kuey/article/view/kuey.2017.019/pdf  [Google Scholar]
  7. Atkinson, C. & Hall, L. (2011). Flexible working and happiness in the NHS. Employee Relations, 33(2), 88-105. doi: 10.1108/01425451111096659 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  8. Balcı, A. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: Yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler [Research in social sciences: Methods, techniques and principles]. Ankara: Pegem. [Google Scholar]
  9. Banks, S. (2003). From oaths to rulebooks: A critical examination of codes of ethics for the social profession. European Journal of Social Work, 6(2), 133-144. doi: 10.1080/1369145032000144403  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  10. Becker, L. C. (1992). Good lives: Prolegomena. Social Philosophy and Policy, 9(2), 15-37. doi:  10.1017/S0265052500001382  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  11. Bright, D. S., Cameron, K. S., & Caza, A. (2006). The amplifying and buffering effects of virtuousness in downsized organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 64(3), 249–269. doi:10.1007/s10551-005-5904-4 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  12. Bulut, A. (2015). Ortaöğretim öğretmenlerinin örgütsel mutluluk algılarının incelenmesi: bir norm çalışması [Analysis of the organizational happiness perceptions of secondary school teachers: A norm study]. (Unpublished PhD thesis). Gaziantep Üniversitesi/Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gaziantep. [Google Scholar]
  13. Cameron, K., Bright, D. & Caza, A. (2004). Exploring the relationship between organizational virtuousness and performance. The American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 1-24. doi: 10.1177/0002764203260209 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  14. Cameron, K. S., Bright, D., & Caza, A. (2004). Exploring the relationships between organizational virtuousness and performance. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 766–790. doi:10.1177/0002764203260209 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  15. Cankül, D., Kılıç, İ. & Doğantekin, A. (2018). The  impact  of  levels  of organizational  trust  perceived  by  restaurant’s  employees  on  organizational  citizenship  and business performance: The case of Eskişehir. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(1), 372-389. doi:10.21325/jotags.2018.193  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  16. Caza, A., Barker, B. A. & Cameron, K. S. (2004). Ethics and ethos: The buffering and amplifying effects of ethical behavior and virtuousness. Journal of Business Ethics, 52(2), 169–178. doi:10.1023/b:busi.0000035909.05560.0e [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  17. Chun, R. (2005). Ethical character and virtue of organizations: An emprical asssesment and strategic implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(3), 269-284. doi:10.1007/s10551-004-6591-2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  18. Chun, R. (2009). A corporate’s responsibility to employees during merger: Organizational virtue and employee loyalty. Corporate Governance, 9(4), 473-483.  doi:10.1108/14720700910985016  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  19. Çelik, D.A. & Telman, N. (2013). Endüstri/örgüt psikolojisi ve ilişkili alanlarda kullanılan ölçekler el kitabı [Handbook of industrial, organizational psychology and related fields scales]. Ankara: Nobel. [Google Scholar]
  20. Eisenberg, E. M. (1990). Jamming: Transcendence through organizing. Communication Research, 17(2), 139–164. doi:10.1177/009365090017002001 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  21. Erkmen, T. & Esen, E. (2012). Örgütsel erdemlilik ölçeğinin uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of the organizational virtuousness scale: Validity and reliability studies]. Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(4), 107-121. Retrieved from: https://www.berjournal.com/orgutsel-erdemlilik-olceginin-uyarlanmasi-gecerlik-ve-guvenirlik-calismasi  [Google Scholar]
  22. Ertekin, İ. (2017). Klasik örgüt kuramları [Calssical organization theory]. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 2(2), 64-73. Retrieved from: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/430141  [Google Scholar]
  23. Eşkin Bacaksız, F. (2016). Örgütsel erdemliliğin hemşirelerin örgütle özdeşleşme düzeylerine ve performanslarına etkisi: Algılanan örgütsel desteğin aracı rolü [The effect of organizational virtuousness on nurses’organizational identification level and performance: The mediating role of perceived organizational support]. (Unpublished doctoral disertataion).  Institute of Health Science, Department of Nursing Administration, İstanbul. [Google Scholar]
  24. Fernando, M & Almeida, S. (2012). The organizational virtuousness of strategic corporate social responsibility: A case study of the Sri Lankan family-owned enterprise MAS holdings. European Management Journal, 30(6), 564-576. doi:10.1016/j.emj.2012.08.003  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  25. Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384–412. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  26. Forster, J. D. (2012). Codes of ethics in australian education: towards a national perspective. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(9), 1–17. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ995231.pdf  [Google Scholar]
  27. Göker, S. & Gündüz, Y. (2017). Dünya ölçeğinde öğretmenlerin saygınlık statüsü ve özlük hakları [Teacher status and their employee personal rights across the world]. Milli Eğitim Dergisi [Journal of National Education] , 46 (213), 177-196. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/milliegitim/issue/36137/405976 [Google Scholar]
  28. Graham, J. W. & Van Dyne, L (2006). Gathering information and exercising influence: Two forms of civic virtue organizatioanl citizenship behavior. Employee Resposibilities and Rights Journal, 18(2), 89-109. doi:10.1007/s10672-006-9007-x  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  29. Green, S. B. & Salkind, N. J. (2008). Using SPSS for windows and Macintosh-analyzing and understanding data. USA: Pearson Prentice Hall. [Google Scholar]
  30. Güner, F. & Çetinkaya Bozkurt, Ö. (2017). Banka çalışanlarının iş yerinde mutluluk ve mutsuzluk nedenleri üzerine keşif amaçlı bir araştırma [A research on exploration the reasons of bank employees' happiness and unhapiness in the workplace]. Örgütsel Davranış Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 85-105. Retrieved from: http://odad.org/son-sayi/24  [Google Scholar]
  31. Hollinger, R. (1994/2005). Postmodernizm ve sosyal bilimler/Tematik bir yaklaşım [Postmodernism and the social sciences/A thematic approach] (A. Cevizci, Translate). İstanbul: Paradigma.  [Google Scholar]
  32. Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G. (1998). Okullarda kültür ve iklim [Culture and climate in schools] (M. Şişman & Ş. Uysal, Translate) S. Turan, (Trans. Ed.) In Eğitim yönetimi [Educational administration]  (pp. 163-201). Ankara: Nobel.  [Google Scholar]
  33. İşcan, Ö.F., Sayın, U. (2010). Örgütsel adalet, iş tatmini ve örgütsel güven arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between organizational justice, job satisfaction and organizational trust]. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(4), 195-216. Retrieved from: http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423871169.pdf  [Google Scholar]
  34. Işık, Z., Çetinkaya, N., Işık, M. (2015). Mutluluğun iş tatmini üzerindeki rolü: Erzurum ili palandöken kış turizm merkezinde yer alan konaklama işletmelerindeki kadın çalışanlar üzerine bir uygulama [The role of happiness on job satisfaction: An application on female employees in the hospitality business that is located at province of Erzurum Palandöken winter tourism center]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 457-471. Retrieved from: http://dergipark.gov.tr/ataunisosbil/issue/34503/424719  [Google Scholar]
  35. Janssen, O. (2004). The barrier effect of conflict with superiors in the relationship between employee empowerment and organizational commitment. Work & Stress, 18(1), 56–65. doi:10.1080/02678370410001690466 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  36. Kangal, A. (2013). Mutluluk üzerine kavramsal bir değerlendirme ve Türk hane halkı için bazı sonuçlar [A conceptual review on happiness and some consequences for Turkish household] . Elektronic Journal of Social Science, 12(44), 214-233. Retrieved from: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/70446  [Google Scholar]
  37. Karakaya, İ. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. A. Tanrıöğen (Ed.), In Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri[Scientific research methods] (pp. 55-84). Ankara: Anı. [Google Scholar]
  38. Kaynak, S. (2007). Öğretmenlerin kişilik özellikleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı [Personality characteristics of teachers and organizational citizenship behavior]. (Unpublished master thesis). Afyonkarahisar Kocatepe Üniversitesi/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Afyonkarahisar. [Google Scholar]
  39. Kırık, A & Sönmez, M. (2017). İletişim ve mutluluk ilişkisinin incelenmesi [Relationship between communication and happiness]. İNİF E- DERGİ, 2 (1), 15-26. Retrieved from: http://dergipark.gov.tr/inifedergi/issue/27641/292862  [Google Scholar]
  40. Lambek, M. (2008). Value and virtue. Anthropological Theory, 8(2), 133–157. doi:10.1177/1463499608090788 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  41. Manz, C., Cameron, K., Manz, K. & Marx, R. (2010). Values and virtues in organizations: An introduction. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 3(1-2), 1-12. doi: 10.1080/14766080609518608  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  42. Memduhoğlu, H. B. & Zengin, H. (2014). İlköğretim okullarında örgütsel güvene ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri [The views of teachers about organizational trust in premier schools]. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8 (1), 211-228. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/yyuefd/issue/13707/165958  [Google Scholar]
  43. Myers, D.G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55(1), 56-67. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.55,1.56 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  44. Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who Is Happy? Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00298.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  45. Orakçı, Ş. & Toraman, Ç. (2018). The validity and reliability studies of the scale attitude toward pedagogical teacher traing programme. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(3), 49-62. Retrieved from http://mojes.um.edu.my/index.php/MOJES/article/view/12219  [Google Scholar]
  46. Organization. In Business Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.html  [Google Scholar]
  47. Özdamar, K. (2013). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi [Statistical data analysis with packet programs]. Eskişehir: Nisan. [Google Scholar]
  48. Özkan, R. (2005). Birey ve toplum gelişiminde öğretmenlik mesleğinin önemi [The importance of teaching profession in individual and community development]. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 166. Retrieved from http://dhgm.meb.gov.tr/yayimlar/dergiler/Milli_Egitim_Dergisi/166/index3-ozkan.htm  [Google Scholar]
  49. Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues. Washington: Oxford University. [Google Scholar]
  50. Robertson, I. & Cooper, C. (2011). Well-being: Productivity and happiness at work. London: Palgrave Macmillan. [Google Scholar]
  51. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141–166. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  52. Ryff, C.D. & Singer,B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 1-28. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1449605  [Google Scholar]
  53. Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2006). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13–39. doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9019- [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  54. Sapmaz, F & Doğan, T. (2012). İyimserliğin mutluluk ve yaşam doyumuna etkisinin incelenmesi [Optimism as a predictor of happiness and life satisfaction]. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3), 63-69. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/mersinefd/issue/17381/181487  [Google Scholar]
  55. Schein, E.H. (1985) Organizational culture and leadership, San Francisco: Jossey Bass. [Google Scholar]
  56. Sisley, R. (2010). Autonomous motivation and well-being: An alternative approach to workplace stress management. New Zeland Journal of Employment Relation, 35(2), 28-40.  [Google Scholar]
  57. Sockett, H. (1993). The moral base for teacher professionalism. New York: Teachers College. [Google Scholar]
  58. Terzi, S. (2017). Öğretmenlerin iş doyumları ile mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Analysis of the relationships between teachers’ job satisfaction and their happiness levels]. 21. Yüzyılda Eğitim ve Toplum Eğitim Bilimleri ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(17), 475-487. Retrieved from: http://dergipark.gov.tr/egitimvetoplum/issue/35909/402851  [Google Scholar]
  59. Türkay, O. (2015). Çalışma yaşamı kalitesinin iş memnuniyeti ve bağlılık üzerine etkileri: Seyahat acenteleri üzerine bir araştırma [Effects of the quality of work life on job satisfaction and commitment: A research on travel agencies]. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 2(1), 239-256. doi: 10.18657/yecbu.15884  [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  60. Türkeri, M. (2017). Etik kuramlar [Ethical theories]. İstanbul: Lotus. [Google Scholar]
  61. Uysal, U. (2014). Örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisi ve bir uygulama [Relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment and an application]. (Unpublished master thesis). İnönü Üniversitesi/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Malatya. [Google Scholar]
  62. Van Nuland, S. (2009). Teacher codes: Learning from experience. Paris: UNESCO. [Google Scholar]
  63. Weiner, N. O. (1993). The harmony of the soul: Mental health and moral virtue reconsidered. Albany: State University of New York. [Google Scholar]
  64. Zelenski, J.M., Murphy, S.A. & Jenkins, D.A. (2008). The happy-productive worker thesis revisited. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(4), 521–537. doi:10.1007/s10902-008-9087-4 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]